Begin with the biological question
We define the question before evaluating an evidence set. The organism, biological process, population, exposure, or outcome determines which findings are relevant and what a defensible conclusion would require.
Our scientific approach
We combine disciplinary expertise with critical evaluation of evidence to interpret microbiome science in its biological context.
Evaluate what the evidence can establish
We consider study design, sample size, experimental model, measurements, comparisons, and methodological limitations. Funding and relevant conflicts of interest are considered when assessing the weight of a finding. An observed association and a demonstrated causal relationship carry different meanings.
Interpret across connected disciplines
Our team considers the relationships between microbial biology, laboratory measurements, metabolism, immunology, and physiology. Converging findings, conflicting results, and plausible competing explanations are examined together.
Use scientific expertise to judge the conclusion
Our scientists determine which findings carry the greatest weight and how strongly an interpretation can be stated. Professional experience helps us recognize limitations in a method or measurement and identify questions that remain unresolved.
Preserve traceability and accountability
Substantive claims remain connected to their sources. We explain limitations where they affect the interpretation and remain open to revising conclusions as stronger evidence becomes available.
Scientific judgment remains with the team
Technology can assist literature discovery and organization. Source verification, evidence assessment, interpretation, and approval of published work remain the responsibility of our scientists.